Weekly post #5 – FBI annual crime report and increased LGBTQ+ hate crime

The Human Rights Campaign has now enacted a “national state of emergency for LGBTQ+ people”. This came about because of the FBI’s 2022 Annual Crime Report that came out about a week ago. This crime report reports data on crimes ranging from homicides to property crimes, and includes data on hate crimes. The 2022 annual crime report showcased drastic increases in hate crimes centered around gender identity, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity. The race and ethnicity hate crime category is still the largest category. The sexual orientation hate crime category increased by 13.8% from the year before. The gender identity hate crime category increased by 32.9% from the year before.

The importance of this can not be lost on us amidst the legislative crisis that is facing members of the LGBTQ+ community right now. Hundreds of anti-LGBTQ+ bills have been introduced across the United States, with 80 being signed into law. With increased legislation, politicalization, and media sensationalization around LGBTQ+ issues, combined with this heightened level of hate crimes, the safety of LGBTQ+ citizens has reached a critical point. Given the presidential election coming up next year, this is an even more pertinent issue.

News Article 

Written by: Lily Philbrook

OP-Ed Improve the Kafala System

The Kafala system needs to be improved. Many aspects of this system need to be updated for the well-being of the immigrants. One side is how the migrant workers are treated. First is how the employers get away with things against human rights. Also, some of the Philippines’ economy has depended on this system, leading to more exploitation. The living conditions of the immigrant workers need to be better. Because, at the end of the day, they are still human.
The Kafala system is a network between migrant workers and employers in the UAE and other countries. There is also governmental involvement that is in the system. A lot of money circulates this system, so it cannot be dismantled completely. The workers in this system need the money to help their families back in their native country. It also helps the economy of their native countries so much that there are classes to teach people how to become better workers. There are ways to fix the problems without destroying the system.
One point to start with is how the workers are treated. Most of these workers live in the house with their employers. The experiences of these people are different across the spectrum. Some are treated well by their employers, while others are treated inhumanely. This aspect of the system can be improved by not having the restriction of having the employees be so closely tied to the employer. Like needing a pass to be able to travel freely in the city. This could allow the locals to see the immigrants as people and not just extensions of the employer. Also, a government employee should go around to ensure workers are getting paid. If the employee is staying in the house and they are an “around the clock” work. Food shouldn’t be used as a disciplinary item. The government needs to have concrete rules that have officers to make sure everything is up to date. So, they can ensure that these workers are treated like human beings. Also, the workers need to be able to change jobs without that much backlash. There can still be a sponsorship if the employee finds a better job for better pay. They should be able to make it more of a free job market. That way, the immigrants can also help the countries they work in by pouring money back into that economy.
Another aspect that should be improved is the employer side. The employer side should receive harsher punishments for inhumane practices. A stronger government regulation will help improve the system overall. Having a more drastic punishment will act as a fear deterrent for others. Also, it keeps the employer in check by ensuring they pay their workers. Also, a class to teach these employers something about their employees. That way, they can see them as people instead of just infantilizing them.
The third aspect of the system that can be improved is the Philippine side of things. With the class that teaches them how to assimilate better into the country they are going into. They also should teach them that they don’t need to take extreme types of abuse. Another thing this agency can do is make it easier for the immigrants to quit their jobs. There can also be a fund for people who send money back, which goes where it needs to go. In my experience, my mom would send money back, and it wouldn’t get to the person it needed to get and ended up getting “lost.”
These fixes are obviously going only partially to solve the problem with the Kafala system. But a strong government agency protects the workers before the employer. It will improve the overall satisfaction and safety of everybody involved.

Op-Ed Style Post No. 1: Capitalism and Patriarchy

The word ‘capitalism’ conjures up both good and bad images for us. We think about economic freedom, efficient production, and economic growth. A few negative aspects of capitalism that come to mind are its role in supporting major income gaps, causing class conflict, and fostering social inequalities. Or at least these are the things that come to my mind when I think about capitalism. My point is that capitalism is famous for contributing to these effects. However, one of its lesser-known effects is the way capitalism supports patriarchal norms. Considering women are often invisible in patriarchal capitalism, it’s unsurprising that this major aspect of capitalism is ignored. We live in a capitalist-driven patriarchal society, but how often do we stop and consider what that really means and the impact it has on the lives of women?

Recently, a friend of mine found out she was having a baby girl. She was a bit disappointed because she was hoping for a boy. Her sentiment was inspired by the fact that she thought men’s lives were more hopeful, with a wider range of opportunities available to them. She explained that she didn’t hold any notions of boys being better than girls, just that this is a man’s world, and she wants her children’s lives to be easier than her own. After being raised by a single mom and becoming a single mom of two girls herself, she has a unique perspective on the difficulties women face in our society. 

Even though feminists and women have made progress, the job is not done yet. Women are more likely to face domestic violence, and their jobs are frequently underpaid, among many more issues. Women and men are not equal and gender equality will not be achieved until the relationship between capitalism and patriarchy is severed. The system that oppresses women must be broken to begin fixing all that is wrong. Capitalism reinforces patriarchal norms by propagating ideas of what jobs are adequate for women. The result is the sexual division of labor, women get low-paying jobs and do jobs that are deemed appropriate to them. Women are often labeled nurturers, so they are cast into jobs like social workers, teachers, healthcare workers, homemakers, etc. The problem lies in that these jobs despite their importance are undervalued because they are largely done by women. Why is that often the case? Because capitalism and patriarchy establish a hierarchy and assign women to the bottom. That is why even important jobs are paid little if they are jobs done primarily by women.

Considering women are often invisible in patriarchal capitalism, it’s not surprising that this major aspect of capitalism is ignored. A close relationship has always existed between capitalism and patriarchy. Consequently, women’s work has been undervalued and largely invisible; thus, contributing to their oppression. This brings us to ask ourselves, what should we or can we do? Why should anyone care? If you are a woman, a mother, grandmother, father, grandfather, a family member, friend, etc. This issue touches the lives of everyone. It is our job as members of our society to bring light to women’s systemic oppression. If we continue to overlook the problem, it will only continue to thrive and women will continue to pay the consequences. Making the world a better place for future generations is a goal we should all work towards. Bringing attention to these large issues is a large component of creating social change and bettering women’s lives everywhere.

Op-ed: “Marxist Feminism – a Lens on Migrant Labor” by Daisy Edmondson

“The Filipino nanny is the Mercedes Benz amongst the international [caregivers].”

-Rhacel Salazar Parreñas

The experiences of migrant domestic workers in Arab states, as explored by Rhacel Salazar Parreñas in her book “Unfree: Migrant Domestic Workers in Arab States,” provide an enlightening study about gender, class, labor, and migration that can be effectively analyzed through the lens of Marxist feminism to better understand this complex issue. Before discussing the Marxist feminist perspective, let’s review the context if you are not yet familiar with it (or with this insightful book!). Migrant domestic workers, predominantly women, leave their home countries, often in Southeast Asia or Africa (the book’s focus is on women from the Philippines, specifically), to seek employment in the wealthy oil-rich Arab states. These women work in households as cleaners, nannies, and caregivers for the elderly. In doing so, they leave behind their own families to support them financially, exposing themselves to a host of challenges, including poor working conditions, lack of legal protections, and social isolation.

The tensions between Marxism and feminism stem from the tendency of Marxism to underestimate the specific gender-based challenges faced by these workers, but Marxist feminism and the experiences of migrant domestic workers in the Arab states align in their emphasis on the oppressive influence of capitalism on women’s lives. Moreover, Marxist feminism, as a theoretical framework, offers a tool to examine the issues within this dynamic. This perspective contends that the oppressive systems of capitalism and patriarchy intertwine, mutually reinforcing each other. When applied to the experiences of migrant domestic workers, the infantilization and dehumanization (Parreñas identifies these as cultures of treatment towards the migrant domestic workers, in addition to recognition) they face are unveiled as a product of these intertwined systems.

In the Arab states, the powerful capitalist economies and its families rely on low-cost, flexible domestic labor. This reliance not only sustains the capitalist system but also perpetuates patriarchal norms. Migrant domestic workers, predominantly women, are seen as expendable labor within this system. Their work is undervalued, and their rights are often disregarded as many of them work tirelessly in unjust conditions to earn money, which is sometimes illegally withheld from them by their employers, for their survival and for their loved ones at home. These women simultaneously face gender-based discrimination and the exploitation of their labor. Without understanding these simultaneous conditions and intersectionality, efforts to provide legal or monetary aid and advocacy to these women are often misguided and do not comprehensively address the diverse labor conditions they face.

The issues raised in “Unfree” are not isolated but reflect broader global dynamics. Understanding the intersection of class, gender, and migration in the context of migrant labor is crucial for addressing the injustices faced by these marginalized populations. These perspectives encourage us to continuously refine our theoretical and practical tools for achieving a more inclusive and equitable society. By understanding the complexities of migrant labor through the lens of Marxist feminism, we may become better equipped to advocate for change with these resilient women in their pursuit of a better life for themselves and their families as they exercise “antipower” and take control of negotiations regarding their labor conditions.

“Misogyny in ‘Post-War’ Afghanistan: Unveiling the Shadows of Gender-Based Violence” by Daisy Edmondson

This article investigates the deeply concerning issue of misogyny and the shifting dynamics of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in post-war Afghanistan. Moreover, the research raises questions regarding the evolving nature of misogyny in Afghanistan following the war, the underlying causes of gender-based violence, and the impact of changing sociopolitical contexts on Afghan women’s experiences. By exploring these questions, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted challenges women face in a post-conflict society. It highlights the importance of adapting intervention strategies to address the evolving dynamics of misogyny and the root causes of gender-based violence in Afghanistan.

Moreover, the article addresses pertinent questions for policy and practice. It emphasizes the need for robust support systems for survivors of SGBV, as well as strategies to challenge the deep-rooted misogynistic attitudes in today’s Afghan society. The authors suggest collaboration between international organizations and local initiatives as a means to enhance the effectiveness of interventions. The study also highlights the significance of educational and awareness programs in reducing gender-based violence, emphasizing the role of public education in shifting societal norms. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of gender-based violence and provides actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners working to create safer and more equitable conditions for Afghan women in the aftermath of war.

Ahmad, L., & P. Anctil Avoine. (2018). “Misogyny in ‘Post-War’ Afghanistan: The Changing Frames of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence.” Journal of Gender Studies, 27(1), 86-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2016.1210002

“Mental Health Consequences of Violence Against Women and Girls” by Daisy Edmondson

Violence against women and girls is a global issue that has far-reaching consequences, affecting physical, emotional, and mental well-being. A study from 2015, titled “Mental Health Consequences of Violence Against Women and Girls,” explores the profound impact of such violence on mental health. Moreover, the study investigates the intricate relationship between violence and mental health, prompting several research and theoretical inquiries into the underlying psychological mechanisms linking violence to mental health issues and the immediate aftermath of violence with its potential long-term consequences. This involves exploring the moderating role of coping strategies and resilience in mitigating these effects as well as the emergence of delayed or latent effects that may manifest years after the violent incident, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the prolonged impact on survivors. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of considering intersectionality, as violence often intersects with other forms of discrimination, such as racism or socioeconomic disparities. Given that the study’s findings are specific to a particular cultural context, exploring potential variations in the mental health consequences of violence against women and girls in different cultural and societal settings through comparative research can provide insights into the cultural factors that either mitigate or exacerbate these effects. Furthermore, the study suggests that the mental health consequences of women in conflict zones be further studied in this context.

To prevent violence against women and girls, there’s a critical need to develop targeted prevention programs informed by the research’s insights, as addressing the root cause is essential in reducing the mental health consequences. Moreover, creating accessible, sensitive, and effective support services for women and girls who have experienced violence is imperative. Policymakers should focus on tailoring mental health services to meet the specific needs of survivors while working to ensure that these services are widely available and free from stigma. Legal systems must play a pivotal role in protecting women and girls from violence. Strengthening laws to ensure that perpetrators are held accountable is a priority, and these legal systems should also better support survivors in their pursuit of justice. Additionally, steps should be taken to raise awareness about the mental health consequences of violence against women and girls at various levels, from schools to communities, in order to reduce stigmatization and empower survivors. This comprehensive approach, encompassing research, policy, and practice, can help address the multifaceted issue of violence against women and its mental health repercussions.

Satyanarayana, V. A., P.S. Chandra, & K. Vaddiparti. (2015). “Mental Health Consequences of Violence Against Women and Girls.” Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 28(5), 350-356. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000182. https://oce.ovid.com/article/00001504-201509000-00004/HTML

“Cracks in the Ceiling: Zimbabwe’s Female Politicians Decline” by Daisy Edmondson

The upcoming elections in the Republic of Zimbabwe are showing a troubling decline in women’s political representation. Despite comprising the majority of registered voters, women’s presence in politics is dwindling, with only 70 (11%) female candidates for the National Assembly and no female presidential candidates in the 2023 race. This lack of representation is compared to the presence of four female presidential candidates in 2018, two of whom were initially not considered because of issues regarding the timeliness of their nomination papers and payment of nomination fees; the candidates had to go to court to be considered (one was successful). The high nomination fees, which have risen significantly, pose a financial barrier for aspiring female leaders, further marginalizing them. This decline demonstrates the patriarchal nature of this political structure, despite constitutional gender balance provisions. Women’s participation is obstructed by a lack of political efforts to promote gender equality, making them disadvantaged in Zimbabwean politics. This situation highlights the urgent need for efforts to address gender inequality in politics and create a more inclusive environment for women to engage in shaping the nation’s future.

If you’d like to learn more about the current political situation, please check out this article:

https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/8/22/another-zimbabwe-election-cycle-reveals-decline-of-women-in-politics

For more information on the history of gender inequality in the Republic of Zimbabwe since 1980 (when they gained independence from Great Britain), check out this blog post: https://borgenproject.org/tag/ministry-of-women-affairs-and-community-development/

“India’s Supreme Court Rejects Same-Sex Marriages” by Daisy Edmondson

India’s Supreme Court has declined an appeal to legalize same-sex marriages, which is a significant setback to LGBTQ rights in the country. The ruling, which came after hearings in April and May of this year, saw 3/5 justices deciding that the issue should be addressed by parliament rather than the judiciary branch. Though Chief Justice Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud supported the creation of a panel to consider rights and benefits for same-sex couples, he emphasized the need for the state to provide legal protections to LGBTQ individuals. Chandrachud encourages that denying them these benefits infringes on their fundamental rights. This decision by the Supreme Court follows a petition asserting that the absence of legal recognition for same-sex unions violates LGBTQ people’s constitutional rights.

Chief Justice Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud


The ruling has been met with disappointment from LGBTQ activists, who had hoped for the recognition of same-sex marriages. Despite the decriminalization of homosexuality in India in 2018, discrimination against sexual minorities continues in the country. The conservative stance of the government, led by the Bharatiya Janata Party and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has obstructed progress in LGBTQ rights. While this decision represents a setback for LGBTQ rights in India, it also highlights the ongoing struggle for equal rights and the need for greater societal acceptance and change in the perception of sexuality.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi


If you’d like to read more about the ruling, you can check out this article:

https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/8/22/another-zimbabwe-election-cycle-reveals-decline-of-women-in-politics

Weekly Post #4: Oklahoma’s Law Denies Gender Affirming Treatment to Minors

For this week’s weekly post, I selected an article that discusses how a federal judge in Tulsa refused to block an Oklahoma law that makes providing gender-affirming health care to young transgender people a felony offense. As a result of the new law, medical treatments, such as puberty-blocking drugs and hormones, will no longer be available for people under the age of 18 in Oklahoma. The law was passed by Oklahoma’s Republican-controlled Legislature and signed by Gov. Kevin Stitt in May. Until recently, enforcement of the law was on hold. For minors already receiving cross-sex hormones or puberty-blocking drugs, this law allows a six-month transition period. Those six months are nearly over, and the deadline is early next month. For young transgender people and their families, the judge’s decision was devastating, as it offered some hope of stopping the law from taking hold. There has been some opposition to the law’s enforcement, as it faces a lawsuit filed by the American Civil Liberties Union, the ACLU of Oklahoma, Lambda Legal, and Jenner & Block LLP. In addition to Oklahoma, at least 22 other states have passed similar laws that prohibit or restrict gender-affirming medical care for transgender minors and they face similar lawsuits. One example of a similar situation is Arkansas. Arkansas was the first state to ban gender-affirming medical care for minors. However, Arkansas’ ban was declared unconstitutional by a federal judge in June. This was the first ruling to overturn a ban related to these issues.

After reading this article, it bothered me to see how children’s rights are taken away in this day and age. Last semester I wrote a paper on children’s rights on a global scale, and I didn’t mention this topic because it didn’t occur to me at the time. However, one could argue that denying children access to gender-affirming healthcare is an infringement on their rights. Children’s rights continue to be a pressing global issue everywhere, not just in third-world countries or the global south. In the past, children’s rights have not been protected, which is not surprising given their vulnerable status and lack of agency as they do not have the ability to advocate for themselves. It is very troubling to see the way things are heading and the impact such laws will have on the lives of many people who are already often marginalized.

https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/oklahoma/articles/2023-10-06/federal-judge-in-oklahoma-clears-the-way-for-a-ban-on-medical-care-for-transgender-young-people

Anti-LGBTQIA+ Bills: A Record-Breaking Year.

This past spring, I decided to do a project on anti-LGBTQ+ bills that were popping up at a hefty and alarming rate. In 2022, we had a record-breaking year, and same as the year before, but nothing like we saw this year. I wanted to revisit this topic to get an overview of where we are at this far into the year as we have two months left in the year. Where I last left off we were roughly 467 bills introduced with 45 bills enacted into law four months into the year. According to the Human Rights Campaign and the American Civil Liberties Union, we are now sitting at around 501-525 bills total being introduced and about 77-84 bills passed into law meaning that about 40-60 bills have been introduced in the last 6 months and about 40 more bills have been enacted. Now let’s reference past years and the amount of bills they enacted:

  • 2015: fifteen enacted bills
  • 2018: two enacted bills
  • 2019: seven enacted bills
  • 2020: four enacted bills
  • 2021: seventeen enacted bills
  • 2022: twenty-nine enacted bills

The topics of these bills have also increased over the years and of the bills that have been enacted there are fifteen that target gender-affirming care for trans youth, seven bills that require or allow misgendering of trans students, two bills targeting drag performances, three bills that created a license to discriminate, and four bills that censor school curriculum just to name a few. The Human Rights Campaign has identified over 220 bills that specifically target transgender and non-binary individuals which is just under about half of the bills that were introduced. 

In reference to the beginning of the year to now, we have seen a slower rate of introduction but the rate of enactment is still scarily high. In four months there were 45 enacted bills and in the six months since then, there have been about 40 more bills added. With the year coming to a close, this has been one of the worst years in recent history for LGBTQ+ rights. This came after some of the worst years in reference to trans losing trans lives from transgender violence as last year (2022) we lost at least 40 individuals and the year before that (2021) we lost at least 46 individuals. I hate to bring up such a grim topic but these are issues that trans individuals and other LGBTQ+ individuals are facing and it is not a topic that I can ignore. This post does not discuss the impact these bills have had on LGBTQ+ youth and adults but the rates for depression, anxiety, and suicidality within this population are already high enough. The impact this is having on the community is ongoing and it is hard to watch but I have hope as this is not an unfamiliar battle within the community. The resources that were built by the people who came before us still are with us today and we are not at square one, as we have always been here and we will continue to fight against queer erasure.

2021 Becomes Deadliest Year on Record for Transgender and Non-Binary People by the Human Rights Campaign

Fatal Violence Against the Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Community in 2022 by the Human Rights Campaign

Roundup of Anti-LGBTQ+ Legislation Advancing In States Across the Country by the Human Rights Campaign

Mapping Attacks on LGBTQ+ Rights in the U.S. State Legislatures by the American Civil Liberties Union